TTHealthWatch is a weekly podcast from Texas Tech. In it, Elizabeth Tracey, director of digital media for Johns Hopkins Medication, and Rick Lange, MD, president of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso, stare upon the tip clinical tales of the week. A transcript of the podcast is beneath the summary.
This week’s matters encompass counseling to diminish sexually transmitted an infection (STI) transmission, the metabolic operate of bariatric surgical treatment, strange fractures with bisphosphonates, and treatment of musculoskeletal hassle.
Program notes:
1: 05 USPSTF guidance on counseling for STI chop value
2: 11 Magnify in neonatal syphilis
3: 12 Need behavioral counseling
3: 45 Bariatric surgical treatment or weight reduction device for metabolic affect?
4: 49 No further income to surgical treatment
5: 50 Metabolic effects the identical
6: 40 Abnormal fractures with bisphosphonates
7: 40 Asian, bigger weight, glucocorticoids
8: 46 Pause many more hip fractures
9: 51 Management of musculoskeletal hassle
10: 40 Topical nonsteroidal gels main
11: 37 Low likelihood of deleterious effects
12: 33 Quit
Transcript:
Elizabeth Tracey: Unusual guidance from the USPSTF on lowering STIs.
Rick Lange: Concepts for treating musculoskeletal injuries.
Elizabeth: A greater stare upon bisphosphonates and strange fractures.
Rick: Does gastric bypass dangle metabolic advantages, more so than weight reduction device?
Elizabeth: That’s what we’re talking about this week on TTHealthWatch, your weekly stare upon the clinical headlines from Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso. I am Elizabeth Tracey, a Baltimore-based mostly clinical journalist.
Rick: And I am Rick Lange, president of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso, where I am also the Dean of the Paul L. Foster College of Medication.
Elizabeth: And Rick, noteworthily, I’ll negate, we’re now not talking about COVID-19 this week. We’re entirely falling off of the reservation.
Rick: Successfully, I am certain we will get back on, but I repeat you here is the major time in months that we have not had a COVID-related article, so I am to chat about the compare. Where operate you love to need to open?
Elizabeth: I have I’d love to open — as a consequence of I’ll mention the COVID pandemic — factual temporarily now not much less than, internal the context of this whine recommendation, but the USPSTF has factual launched up up to now guidance relative to behavioral counseling for STIs — sexually transmitted infections — in show to diminish those.
The reason I’ll segue into COVID-19, now not much less than temporarily, is as a consequence of there are pretty a couple of concerns about growing charges of these, especially HIV, internal the context of the pandemic. So as that is one self-discipline. Clearly, there might be a bunch of various concerns, and these are printed in JAMA.
One of the important most background is that for the closing decade the U.S. has been experiencing an escalating disaster of STIs. There used to be a 63% lengthen in gonorrhea, 71% lengthen in syphilis, and undoubtedly sadly, 185% lengthen in congenital syphilis cases. Clearly, the affect on neonates is also undoubtedly deleterious.
As successfully as, we leer that these traits disproportionately affect Dark, Hispanic, and sexual minority communities, at the side of men who dangle sex with men. The various thing to grab into memoir is that we’re also seeing growing antimicrobial resistance among gonorrhea traces. Simply now, among the resistant traces, there might be only one instructed treatment regimen that is available.
So here is highly a dire background and the USPSTF took a scrutinize the least bit of these suggestions relative to, “Hello, does it work to dangle behavioral counseling?” They regarded at ranges of approaches — interactive computer-based mostly interventions, blended approaches, in-person followed by cellular phone or computer followed by in-person, and shorter interventions, much less than 30 minutes of contact time.
They occasionally attain to the conclusion that even a single STI-HIV prevention counseling session can positively affect habits. In addition they cite some rather distressing statistics that exclaim that in vital care visits surveyed in 2020, 65% of those visits did now not encompass any sexual historical past-taking and did now not undoubtedly scamper into this whole behavioral counseling thing. With a B recommendation, they’re pronouncing, “Folks, we now dangle got to get this behavioral counseling on board.”
Rick: Right here goes to grab a multi-pronged manner. We’ve to dangle fresh biomedical interventions, and that is newer antibiotics, vaccines, point-of-care diagnostic attempting out, those forms of issues. The 2nd thing we need to preserve out is lengthen access to care. The third, you highlighted, and that is the rationale the efforts to meaningfully decrease the menace habits for sexually transmitted illness acquisition. It be a huge self-discipline and, again, a multi-pronged manner is important.
Elizabeth: Very lawful. Let’s pass on to surely one of yours. Which operate you preserve out?
Rick: Let’s discuss the outcomes of weight reduction device versus gastric bypass surgical treatment on the metabolic feature in diabetic patients. Let me put this up. It be definite that bariatric surgical treatment is easier than clinical therapy for treatment of form 2 diabetes.
It has been proposed that there are strange effects on sugar adjust — or glycemic adjust — with the gastric bypass surgical treatment, as a consequence of of us who undoubtedly operate bypass, it looks that it has a bigger metabolic operate than of us who preserve intestinal motility. The request is, is there one thing about gastric bypass in and above weight reduction device that improves metabolic adjust?
To handle this — here is a undoubtedly thoroughly-completed gaze on 22 patients that had obesity diabetes — they matched two groups up, of us who had the gastric bypass surgical treatment versus of us who had weight reduction device. Sharp adequate, they had the identical amount of weight reduction.
And in every of these groups, they measured liver insulin sensitivity, muscle insulin sensitivity, beta cell feature in the pancreas, and 24-hour glucose and insulin profiles in these two groups. In both groups, there used to be an enchancment in metabolic feature, but there used to be no further perfect thing about the gastric bypass surgical treatment.
Hence, the near of metabolic feature is attributable to the decrease in weight, now not attributable to the whine plan, and you get the identical income no subject whether you operate gastric bypass surgical treatment or whether you had the identical weight chop value the exercise of weight reduction device on my own.
Elizabeth: A pair issues about this, for constructive. On the plus side of now not having gastric bypass surgical treatment, each person is aware of that there are metabolic deficiencies that are launched as a outcomes of the surgical treatment, and supplementation and so on that is required going forward. On the numerous hand, I’d exclaim that one thing that I’ve constantly been extraordinarily intrigued by is the dramatic enchancment in diabetes that appears to be like to occur without delay after gastric bypass is performed. So how can we memoir for that internal the context of this gaze?
Rick: What happens with gastric bypass surgical treatment is the burden chop value is a lot more immediate than it is with weight reduction device. Now, curiously adequate, after gastric bypass surgical treatment, when you occur to give a high-glycemic weight reduction device, the sugar increases dramatically after which falls dramatically as successfully, without delay after the meal, in advise that over the lengthy trek the metabolic effects are the identical as with weight reduction device.
The undoubtedly vital perfect thing about gastric surgical treatment is it be easier in weight chop value than weight reduction device. Clearly, weight reduction device takes a constructive quantity of self-adjust, now not factual for achieving a weight reduction device, but striking forward the burden loss, and we discover that many members — completely in the United States — don’t appear to be in a put of living to preserve up out that. It undoubtedly ought to peaceful be extended to of us that undoubtedly are unable to total weight reduction by dietary restrictions.
Elizabeth: As an addendum to that, I’d provide that an strive at doing this by weight reduction device, per this gaze, I have finally would be greater in the lengthy trek.
Rick: Yeah. Again, you can’t accomplish the contention that gastric bypass surgical treatment has magical or natty effects that weight reduction device doesn’t dangle. That’s factual now not the case, and so I agree with you. Weight loss program ought to peaceful be the major strive.
Elizabeth: Staying in the Unusual England Journal of Medication — where, for constructive, that gaze used to be — now we will chat about but any other possible self-discipline: “What’s the downside of bisphosphonates?” Bisphosphonates, for constructive, prescribed to many women 50 years of age or older for prevention of hip fractures. We know that hip fractures, for constructive, a extraordinarily dire , related to death finally. But does that lead to more fresh femur fractures, which has been seen in outdated compare?
This gaze used to be completed in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Healthcare System. They’d 196,129 girls and — for constructive, I’d love to leer this all of the time — 277 strange femur fractures passed off on this population in the apply-up. The menace of their strange atomize increased with longer period of bisphosphonates. For those girls who were taking them for 8 years or more, it increased their hazard ratio 44-fold. Possibility factors that were also related to this were being Asian, high, bigger weight, and glucocorticoid exercise. And when you occur to discontinued bisphosphonates, that you simply might perchance moreover decrease your menace of odd atomize impulsively.
After I put apart all this together, what they ship out is Asians dangle a increased menace than whites. But when you occur to stare upon hip fractures versus strange femur fractures, there might be undoubtedly peaceful a stunning highly efficient menace-income ratio that argues in opt of bisphosphonates.
Rick: Let’s put apart some numbers on that. The bisphosphonate is supposed to forestall hip fractures attributable to osteoporosis, and you highlighted the menace factors related to strange fractures with bisphosphonates — that is, Asians, being immediate, the exercise of glucocorticoids — but the menace factors for osteoporosis are various. They’re older age, outdated fractures, and individuals who dangle a low bone mineral density.
Whenever you occur to give those of us bisphosphonates and you occur to be Caucasian, you forestall 149 hip fractures on the menace of inflicting two bisphosphonate strange fractures. Whenever you occur to occur to be Asian, bisphosphonates forestall 91 osteoporotic hip fractures on the menace of eight strange fractures. This allows us to form of weigh the menace-perfect thing about bisphosphonates for various members and over various populations.
Elizabeth: In addition they successfully-known on this gaze a pair various issues that I thought were attention-grabbing. One is that among the Asian population, they skilled increased lateral tensile forces as a consequence of they’ve more bowed femora, this anatomic incompatibility that might moreover imprint why there might be a whine self-discipline.
In addition they dangle bigger treatment adherence. Whenever you give them one thing, they grab it, and there are genetic differences in their drug metabolism and bone turnover. So I thought that used to be undoubtedly provocative.
In addition they took a scrutinize at what about drug holidays? May seemingly we factual pulse the stuff, grab it for a immediate time, after which grab it the least bit once more? They weren’t too cosy about that likelihood.
Rick: Total, what I want our listeners to savor is although the menace of odd atomize with the bisphosphonate is clearly there, the overwhelming income by manner of stopping osteoporotic fractures is frequently high and the income outweighs even the increased menace related to strange fractures.
Elizabeth: Let us turn now to Annals of Internal Medication. Right here is a scientific guideline and it be taking a scrutinize on the management of acute hassle from non-low back musculoskeletal injuries in adults.
Rick: We’re talking about stipulations that reason 65 million healthcare visits in the United States and four out of 5 injuries that were treated in a health care provider’s place of enterprise are musculoskeletal, so here is sizable.
They did two systematic evidence critiques. They did a network meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy and security of various treatments, after which in addition they regarded at a scientific review on the predictors of prolonged opioid exercise, as a consequence of that is surely one of the proposed treatments. I am factual going to summarize. They’d four suggestions, Elizabeth.
As recommendation #1 — so here is their very best recommendation, and it be a convincing recommendation based mostly upon moderate-easy activity evidence — that topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment, both with or without a menthol gel, as first-line therapy to diminish or abet symptoms at the side of hassle. It improves bodily feature and it improves affected person pride. Elizabeth, I am deal deal surprised. Let me pass on, although.
Advice #2, moderate-easy activity evidence, is that if that is unsuccessful, then oral NSAIDs were shown to be efficient, again, in lowering or relieving symptoms at the side of hassle, enhancing bodily feature, both with or without oral acetaminophen. Advice 2B is to make exercise of particular acupressure to diminish hassle and toughen bodily feature. It does dangle some income.
Advice 3 is particularly against clinicians treating of us with acute hassle with opioids, and that even includes Tramadol. We know that a pair of fourth of these patients that are treated with opioids proceed to make exercise of them, both prolonged exercise or the substantial number of capsules increases to opioid abuse. What are your thoughts?
Elizabeth: Successfully, I guess I am overjoyed that of us are taking a scrutinize at this systematically and figuring out that these topical issues are lawful as a consequence of they’ve a extraordinarily low likelihood of deleterious effects.
Rick: They regarded at vital issues, does it abet hassle, both internal much less than 2 hours or over 1 to 7 days, does it toughen bodily feature, does it toughen the affected person’s pride? Oral medications operate, but they ship some menace by manner of these NSAIDs inflicting acute gastritis, or ulcers, or kidney illness, or elevating the blood stress of some members, and the topical NSAIDs manufacture now not operate that.
I used to be undoubtedly deal deal surprised that the evidence used to be moderate-easy activity — a convincing recommendation — for topical NSAIDs. It be completely going to exchange the suggestions I accomplish to my patients.
Elizabeth: On that list, that is a scrutinize at this week’s clinical headlines from Texas Tech. I am Elizabeth Tracey.
Rick: And I am Rick Lange. Y’all hear up and accomplish healthy picks.
